สำนักงานปรมาณูเพื่อสันติ https://www.oap.go.th Office of Atoms for Peace Fri, 06 Nov 2026 06:25:28 +0000 en-GB hourly 1 https://www.oap.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/favicon.ico สำนักงานปรมาณูเพื่อสันติ https://www.oap.go.th 32 32 Analysis and Policy Recommendations: SMR Safety Regulatory Strategy and Thailand’s Energy Transition into the 2026 Era https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/06/analysis-and-policy-recommendations-smr-safety-regulatory-strategy-and-thailands-energy-transition-into-the-2026-era/ Fri, 06 Nov 2026 06:25:21 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94176 By Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati, Secretary-General of the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI)

Thailand is currently facing a critical turning point in its energy sector. To maintain energy security alongside the greenhouse gas emission reduction (Net Zero) goals, Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology has emerged as a strategic alternative currently under consideration both globally and within the ASEAN region.
The Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), as the national regulatory body for nuclear and radiation safety, serves as a core pillar in providing in-depth insights, extracting lessons of failure and success from around the world, and presenting policy recommendations to ensure Thailand is comprehensively prepared. This is anchored in the core principle of “Safety First.”
1. The New Energy Landscape: Regional Policies and the IAEA’s 122 User Requirements
In ASEAN, Malaysia has begun laying its groundwork through the MyPOWER Corporation (NEPIO) and is in the process of assessing potential sites, such as Sabah state, by considering both land-based SMR technologies and Floating Nuclear Power Plants (FNPPs). Malaysia’s approach aligns with the latest framework from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which published the document IAEA-TECDOC-2143 (October 2026). This document outlines “122 User Requirements” based on the principles of 3S (Safety, Security, Safeguards), performance, economics, and deployment readiness. The document clearly emphasizes that modern SMRs are not designed solely to supply electricity to the grid but must also support “low-carbon industries” such as hydrogen production, desalination, and the supply of high-temperature steam to petrochemical plants and oil refineries.
2. Decoding Costs and Learning from Failures (FOAK vs. NOAK)
The most critical issue in policy decision-making is the “true cost” of SMRs. A clear distinction must be made between the First-of-a-Kind (FOAK) power plant, which bears massive infrastructure costs, and subsequent Nth-of-a-Kind (NOAK) units, which benefit from economies of scale:
* United Kingdom (Rolls-Royce SMR): The company targets a NOAK capital investment of approximately £1.8 billion (around 81.36 billion THB) for 470 MWe, which translates to an average cost of $5,326 USD/kW. However, the government had to provide an initial funding of £2.6 billion to stimulate the supply chain and preliminary design.
* United States and Romania (NuScale Power): These serve as case studies for project development risks. The CFPP project in the U.S. (6 modules, 462 MWe) previously estimated total costs of up to $8.03 billion ($17,381 USD/kWe) before being terminated in 2023 due to an inability to secure sufficient power offtake subscriptions. Meanwhile, the Doicești project in Romania saw its cost estimates escalate from $2.7 billion to $6.5 billion ($14,069 USD/kWe) and remains stalled at the final investment decision stage.
These cases serve as invaluable lessons for Thailand that SMR development must consider the “Total Project Cost” and beware of risks related to delays, interest rates, and engineering design changes.
3. Behind the Safety: From Laboratories to Computer Modeling
SMR technology is not a newly invented concept but rather the result of decades of accumulated laboratory data. For example, the PUMA laboratory at Purdue University in the U.S. simulates cooling systems and the “Passive Safety” phenomena of the BWR reactor family (including the BWRX-300) without the need for backup electricity. The macroscopic experimental data on water and steam flow from these tests are utilized to compare and refine equations in computer simulation programs (such as RELAP5, TRACE, and OpenFOAM) for enhanced accuracy.
This knowledge is crucial for the OAP in conducting safety assessments because a regulatory body must be able to perform an “Independent Confirmatory Analysis” on its own, rather than merely relying on reports provided by technology vendors.
Strategic Policy Recommendations for Thailand’s Energy Transition
To support the development of power generation capacity according to the national Power Development Plan (PDP) and to elevate safety standards, the Office of Atoms for Peace proposes four primary strategies as follows:
1. National User Requirements Formulation Strategy: The Ministry of Energy, EGAT, and OAP must collaborate to draft Thailand’s “User Requirements” document by integrating the 122 considerations from IAEA-TECDOC-2143 (2026). This will establish frameworks for safety, performance, and steam heat supply capabilities, serving as a concrete basis for comparing technologies from global developers and preventing over-reliance on any single vendor.
2. Proactive Pre-licensing and Step-by-Step Regulatory Strategy: The OAP will elevate the licensing review process by initiating a “Vendor Design Review” mechanism to analyze the safety of passive safety systems from the outset. We will also apply the Early Site Permit process to ensure engineering clarity, thereby reducing the time and potential budget overruns for the first unit (FOAK).
3. Host Mechanism Strengthening Strategy (NEPIO Development): The government should accelerate the establishment of a fully functional Nuclear Energy Programme Implementing Organization (NEPIO), similar to the approach taken by Malaysia (MyPOWER). This organization will be comprehensively responsible for securing funding, managing contracts, handling stakeholders, and developing a human resources roadmap, maintaining a clear separation of roles from the OAP as the independent regulator.
4. Computational Safety Excellence Strategy: MHESI should provide continuous research funding to higher education institutions (e.g., the Department of Nuclear Engineering at Chulalongkorn University and partner institutes) to develop capabilities in thermal-hydraulic behavior modeling and safety analysis software such as TRACE and RELAP5. This will build a workforce of Safety Reviewers capable of rapidly and reliably analyzing Safety Analysis Reports (SARs) for the OAP.
The Office of Atoms for Peace, MHESI, stands firm in its role as a core pillar in protecting the Thai people. We are ready to integrate cooperation with all sectors to ensure that the country’s transition into the nuclear energy era is transparent, scientifically backed, and holds the safety of society and the environment as its ultimate goal.
(Academic support information courtesy of: Nuclear Engineering, Chulalongkorn University and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
References
* World Nuclear Industry Status Report (WNISR). (2025). Rolls-Royce SMR cost estimates.
* UK Government / Great British Energy – Nuclear. (13 April 2026). Rolls-Royce SMR project agreement.
* Romanian Government, Prime Minister’s Control Body. (2026). Report on the inspection carried out at Nuclearelectrica SA (Doicești SMR Project).
* Nuclearelectrica. (12 February 2026). Doicești SMR Project Final Investment Decision.
* U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Inspector General. (24 March 2026). Audit Report DOE-OIG-26-25 on Carbon Free Power Project (CFPP).
* NuScale Power. VOYGR SMR Technology Fact Sheet.
* International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2026). IAEA-TECDOC-2143: Generic User Rationale and Considerations for Small Modular Reactors (NHSI).
* BERNAMA. (26 October 2026). Government To Decide On Nuclear Power Plant After Four Key Studies Completed – Chang (Malaysia).
* Jesselton Times. (4 November 2026). Time for Malaysia to advance into the nuclear energy development phase, says Masiung (Sabah FNPP Proposal).
* IAEA. Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative (NHSI).
* Purdue University. PUMA Facility & Thermal Hydraulics and Reactor Safety Research.
This article was published on the official Facebook page of the Office of Atoms for Peace – OAP Thailand
 

]]> 94176 Announcing Readiness to “Build People” for Thailand’s Energy Future: MHESI Joins Forces with 14 Organizations to Advance Human Resource Development, Targeting the Production of Personnel in Nuclear Technology, Regulation, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), and Lifelong Learning Curricula Towards the Net Zero Goal https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/06/announcing-readiness-to-build-people-for-thailands-energy-future-mhesi-joins-forces-with-14-organizations/ Fri, 06 Nov 2026 06:00:21 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94171
          November 5, 2026 — At the Office of Atoms for Peace: Thailand has entered a new dimension of human resource preparedness for nuclear energy. The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI)—led by the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) and the Office of National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council (NXPO)—in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and 14 national partner organizations, declared a joint commitment to serve as the primary national mechanism. This initiative aims to develop the workforce required to support the operation of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), as well as the regulation and application of advanced nuclear technologies.
          This collaborative integration responds to the proactive policy of Prof. Dr. Yotchanan Wongsawat, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of MHESI, and Chairman of the Atomic Energy for Peace Commission (AEC). He has driven the SMR regulatory policy, which was officially approved by the AEC on September 8, 2026. The strategic vision focuses on enhancing energy security, supporting the Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions target, and elevating the country’s socio-economic competitiveness in the long term.
          During the 1st/2026 Steering Committee Meeting on National Human Resource Development Regulation, chaired by Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati, Secretary-General of OAP, the OAP and Assoc. Prof. Wongkot Wongsapai, Deputy Director of NXPO, presented the “Draft National Human Resource Development Framework 2028–2032.” The framework is driven by three main strategic plans: 1) The Draft National SMR Workforce Plan, 2) The Draft Conceptual Framework for Lifelong Learning Curricula, and 3) The Draft Proposal for Ecosystem Development and Support Mechanisms.
 
 
 
          The meeting set a quantitative target to produce at least 1,000 expert personnel to support the project. In the first three years, efforts will be accelerated to build a foundational workforce of no less than 345 individuals. Furthermore, the development approach will intensively integrate the international “3S” standards—Safety, Security, and Safeguards—into the educational system at all levels.
To ensure the policy is driven efficiently and comprehensively across all dimensions, cooperation has been coordinated among 14 national organizations, divided into four key sectors:
* Policy and Regulation Group: NXPO (led by Assoc. Prof. Wongkot Wongsapai, Dr. Chanwit Udomsakdikul, Dr. Chalotorn Boonlua, and Dr. Chanida Saensa-ard), Office of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Energy (led by Mr. Peerapong Boonsaeng), Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO), and the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC).
* Energy and Industry Group: Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), and the Federation of Thai Industries (FTI) (led by Mr. Atthapong Sathitmanotham).
* Basic Education and Research Group: Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC), Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST), and Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) (TINT).
* Higher Education Institutes Group: King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) (led by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Komsan Maleesee, President, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wiphoo Srisuubsai), along with faculty representatives from Kasetsart University, Suranaree University of Technology, Chulalongkorn University, and King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi.
          This national collaboration, spearheaded by MHESI (through OAP and NXPO), reflects a strong commitment to translating national policy into concrete action. The next steps will focus on pushing for the appointment of a subcommittee to collaboratively finalize the comprehensive plan and the Fiscal Year 2028 action plan. This will serve as a guiding framework for the allocation of the Science, Research, and Innovation (SRI) budget. The finalized plan will then be proposed to the Atomic Energy for Peace Commission (AEC), the National Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation Policy Council, and the Cabinet for final approval.
          All these actions serve as a vital guarantee that Thailand is ready to step into the clean energy transition era under regulatory oversight that complies with international safety standards, ultimately enhancing the quality of life, preserving the environment, and building sustainable socio-economic prosperity for the future.
This post was published on Website and Facebook : Office of Atoms for Peace
 

]]> 94171 SMR Cooling System Architecture and Thailand’s Water Resource Management: Lessons from the 2026 Danube River Crisis for Site Selection Policy Proposals by the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/05/smr-cooling-system-architecture-and-thailands-water-resource-management-lessons-from-the-2026-danube-river-crisis-for-site-selection-policy-proposals-by-the-office-of-atoms-for-peace-oap/ Thu, 05 Nov 2026 07:06:51 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94131 One of the most fundamental questions as Thailand considers integrating Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology into the draft Power Development Plan (PDP 2026) is not merely, “How much water does a nuclear power plant use?”

Rather, the strategic question is

“Where do nuclear power plants worldwide source their water, what cooling architectures do they employ, and how should Thailand design cooling systems and execute site selection to remain resilient against future climate variability?”

This analysis follows events in Austria, Hungary, and Romania in August 2026, when water levels in the Danube River dropped significantly and water temperatures rose due to spillover heatwaves. As a result, the Paks nuclear power plant in Hungary and the Cernavodă nuclear power plant in Romania had to temporarily curtail power output to comply with environmental regulations. This event serves as empirical evidence that water is not merely a cooling medium, but a critical factor determining operational stability and the Ultimate Heat Sink (UHS) safety pillar.

As the national regulatory authority for nuclear and radiation safety, the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) presents this technical analysis of cooling systems, evaluates technological options, and outlines policy proposals to establish a sustainable clean energy foundation for Thailand.🇹🇭

Global Water Sources and Cooling System Architectures

Nuclear power plants are thermal power plants that harness heat from nuclear fission to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. After passing through the turbines, condensed steam is cooled via a condenser system for reuse. Statistical data from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, 2012) and the World Nuclear Association (WNA, 2026) outline the distribution of water

sources used by nuclear power plants globally
* Oceans & Seas (45%): Widely utilized by coastal facilities in countries such as the United States, Japan, France, and China.
* Recirculating Cooling Towers (26%): Recirculate internal water systems to reject heat into the atmosphere.
* Lakes & Reservoirs (15%): Utilize large, stationary inland water bodies.
* Rivers (14%): Depend on major river systems, such as the Danube or Rhône rivers.
Engineering Distinction: “Water Withdrawal” vs. “Water Consumption”
A common point of public confusion is conflating two distinct engineering parameters:
* Water Withdrawal: The total volume of water drawn from a natural source, passed through the condenser, and immediately returned to the original water body. In once-through cooling systems, water withdrawal ranges from 100,000 to 160,000 liters per megawatt-hour (L/MWh). However, over 99% of this water is not consumed; it is returned with a slight temperature elevation (\Delta T typically between 3°C and 8°C), which is strictly regulated to protect aquatic ecosystems.
* Water Consumption: The volume of water evaporated into the atmosphere and lost from the immediate ecosystem. In wet recirculating cooling tower systems, natural water withdrawal is reduced by up to 95% (requiring only 2,000 to 3,000 L/MWh), but a portion of this water evaporates, requiring continuous make-up water additions.

Translating Danube River Lessons to the Thai Context

In 2026, slow water level recovery and river temperatures exceeding 25°C compelled Hungary’s Paks facility to curtail output to prevent discharge temperatures from exceeding the 30°C statutory environmental limit, while Romania’s Cernavodă facility closely monitored intake levels. This provides a clear technical insight: Nuclear installation designs must evaluate climate conditions and water availability under 60-year extreme weather projections.

Thailand’s Geographic Context:
* Coastal Regions (Gulf of Thailand & Andaman Sea): Offer abundant seawater capacity without volume constraints, making them well-suited for once-through or hybrid cooling systems. However, engineering designs must account for storm surges, coastal erosion, and seasonal jellyfish blooms.
* Inland Water Sources (Main Rivers & Reservoirs): Flow rates in Thailand’s inland rivers fluctuate during dry seasons. Relying on once-through cooling in these areas presents challenges regarding thermal discharge limits. Deploying SMRs equipped with air-cooled (Dry Cooling) or wet-dry hybrid systems offers a suitable engineering alternative.

Executive Policy Recommendations for Thailand by the Office of Atoms for Peace

To prepare for SMR site selection and technology deployment aligned with Thailand’s water resources and environmental safety standards, the Office of Atoms for Peace submits four strategic policy directives to the Cabinet:
1. Climate-Resilient Site Evaluation Standard
* Directives: The OAP is issuing site evaluation criteria in alignment with IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-1. These guidelines mandate that license applicants incorporate 50-year historical climate models alongside 60-year predictive projections (including severe drought scenarios, sea-level rise, and peak water temperatures) into cooling system engineering designs.
2. Inland Dry/Hybrid SMR Deployment Policy
* Directives: For inland SMR site evaluations or deployments near industrial zones away from coastal regions, policies mandate selecting SMR designs capable of integrating air-cooled (Dry Cooling) or hybrid systems. This minimizes reliance on natural water bodies and prevents water resource competition with agriculture and public consumption.
3. National Thermal Discharge & Aquatic Limits Mapping
* Directives: The OAP coordinates with the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, the Pollution Control Department, and the Royal Irrigation Department to establish maximum allowable temperature thresholds (\Delta T limits) for thermal discharges into coastal and river waters nationwide, protecting marine life and commercial fisheries.
4. Real-Time UHS Environment Monitoring Network
* Directives: Mandate that SMR plant operators install automated water quality, level, and temperature monitoring stations at intake and discharge points. These systems will stream real-time data to the OAP Operations Center 24/7, enabling regulatory officers to mandate immediate power output reductions if environmental safety thresholds are breached.

Conclusion

The 2026 Danube River crisis demonstrates that selecting appropriate SMR technology requires deploying cooling architectures matched to national geography. Thailand possesses suitable coastal access as well as viable options for dry-cooling innovations. Establishing transparent, climate-informed regulatory frameworks from the site-selection stage ensures that future SMR deployments in Thailand operate safely, reliably, and with enduring public trust.

Article and Policy Recommendations by:
Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati
Secretary-General, Office of Atoms for Peace
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand
References & Empirical Evidence
* International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2012). Efficient Water Management in Water Cooled Reactors. IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NP-T-2.6, Vienna.
* International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2019). Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-1, Vienna.
* World Nuclear Association (WNA). (2026). Cooling Power Plants and Extreme Weather Impacts: Lessons from Europe’s 2026 Heatwave and Low River Flows. WNA Technical Reports.
* Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP). (2026). Regulatory Guidelines for Site Evaluation and Environmental Protection of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in Thailand. Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand.

This article was published on the official Facebook page of the Office of Atoms for Peace – OAP Thailand https://www.facebook.com/share/199mWC2q2G/?mibextid=wwXIfr

]]> 94131 OAP Opens Laboratories to Welcome Students: Exploring Nuclear and Radiation Missions, Experiencing Real Technology, and Enhancing Knowledge for the Future https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/05/oap-opens-laboratories-to-welcome-students-exploring-nuclear-and-radiation-missions-experiencing-real-technology-and-enhancing-knowledge-for-the-future/ Thu, 05 Nov 2026 03:16:50 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94121 On November 4, 2026, the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) welcomed a delegation of 151 teachers and students from Princess Chulabhorn Science High School Satun for a study visit to learn about nuclear and radiation missions. The visit aimed to build a practical understanding of nuclear technology, radiation measurement, and the national regulatory framework for nuclear and radiation safety.

  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต

During this study visit, the teachers and students toured 5 key OAP laboratories, including:
* National Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Action Center (NuREAC)
* Personal Dosimetry Laboratory
* Biological Dosimetry Laboratory
* Gamma Reference Standard Dosimetry Laboratory
* Environmental Radioactivity Measurement Laboratory
This activity provided an out-of-classroom learning experience, allowing students to engage with real technology and operations while observing the application of scientific knowledge in missions related to public safety. Furthermore, it served to inspire further education and the development of potential in science and technology, acting as a crucial foundation for the future development of the nation’s workforce.
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI)

  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
  • ปส. เปิดห้องปฏิบัติการต้อนรับคณะนักเรียน ศึกษาภารกิจด้านนิวเคลียร์และรังสี สัมผัสเทคโนโลยีจริง เสริมสร้างความรู้สู่อนาคต
]]> 94121 Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), MHESI, Enhances Thailand’s Readiness for the SMR Era Through Technological Data Exchange with GE Vernova Hitachi https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/04/office-of-atoms-for-peace-oap-mhesi-enhances-thailands-readiness-for-the-smr-era/ Wed, 04 Nov 2026 06:54:35 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94026
          On November 4, 2026, Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati, Secretary-General of the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), chaired a meeting with an executive delegation from GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy. The delegation was led by Mr. David Hutagalung (Director of Business Development, Asia Gas Power), Mr. Patrick Looney (Senior Vice President of Market Development, GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy), Mr. Kohtaroh Nunokawa (Sales Manager, Energy & Industrial Products Business Unit, Hitachi Asia (Thailand) Co., Ltd.), and Dr. Peeratarat (Joe) Ittarattanachoke (Country Leader Thailand Gas Power, GE Vernova) at the OAP 60th Anniversary Building. The meeting aimed to discuss and present the advancements of the Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology, specifically the BWRX-300 model, which is currently gaining global traction with ongoing developments in several countries. This visit reflects the strong interest of leading global private sectors in Thailand’s policy direction, as the nation explores the feasibility of deploying SMR technology to bolster energy security and support greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.
 
          During the discussion, the GE Vernova Hitachi delegation presented the progress of the BWRX-300 program, highlighting critical First-of-a-Kind (FOAK) pilot projects. This included the Darlington Project in Ontario, Canada, where four BWRX-300 units with a combined capacity of 1.2 gigawatts (GW) are currently under construction, targeting the first unit to commence commercial operations by the end of 2030. They also detailed the Clinch River Project in Tennessee, USA, operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Recognized as the first U.S. project to submit a BWRX-300 construction permit application (with a presented capacity of 1,200–1,500 megawatts), the site has already received an Early Site Permit (ESP) from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC), aiming for commercial operations in the early 2030s. Furthermore, the delegation outlined plans for Global Fleet Deployment across various regions, including U.S. states like Texas and Ohio, as well as European nations such as Poland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
On this occasion, Dr. Rungrueng reiterated the critical importance of preparing Thailand’s nuclear safety regulatory framework, emphasizing the fundamental principle of “Safety First.” He highlighted OAP’s role as the national regulatory body that closely monitors technological advancements and is actively preparing to formulate legal frameworks and a Step-by-Step Licensing Framework. By studying international lessons and best practices—such as the Early Site Permit (ESP) process and the Safety Evaluation Report (SER) from the U.S. NRC—OAP aims to elevate its capacity for rigorous licensing reviews. This ensures that any regulatory decisions are founded on solid engineering principles, are transparent, verifiable, and comply with the highest international safety standards. Should Thailand decide to move forward with SMR projects, the regulatory system must be fully equipped to govern the technology appropriately, making safety a mandatory prerequisite at every stage.
 
          This meeting signifies more than just a technological exchange; it serves as a vital opportunity for OAP to acquire in-depth insights and direct experiences from a world-leading nuclear technology developer. These insights will be integrated into ongoing studies, strategic planning, and the enhancement of the nation’s regulatory preparedness to keep pace with global transitions. The ultimate goal is to equip Thailand with secure energy alternatives that support long-term clean energy and economic development. Simultaneously, it ensures the public can remain confident that the utilization of nuclear technology will be managed under a robust, transparent, and verifiable regulatory system, holding the safety of the people, society, and the environment as the highest priority.
 
This post was published on Website and Facebook : Office of Atoms for Peace
]]> 94026 Extracting Lessons from the South Korea–U.S. $100 Billion Nuclear Investment Strategy for the AI Race: In-Depth Analysis and Policy Recommendations for Thailand’s Energy Infrastructure by the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)  https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/04/extracting-lessons-from-the-south-koreau-s-100-billion-nuclear-investment-strategy/ Wed, 04 Nov 2026 05:29:21 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94023 In an era where Artificial Intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing centers (AI Data Centers) serve as the primary engines driving the global economy, the arena of technological competition has fundamentally transformed into a “true battleground for energy security.” The exponentially surging power demand of AI processing systems requires not only massive quantities of electricity, but also high-grid stability, 24/7 continuous operation (Baseload Power), and low-carbon clean energy to achieve Net Zero greenhouse gas emission targets.

A landmark event in global energy cooperation occurred in September 2026 between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the United States. South Korea is preparing to inject over $100 billion in investment (as part of a broader $350 billion economic cooperation framework) into large-scale U.S. energy projects. This includes plans for constructing 8 large-scale nuclear power plants valued at an estimated $120 billion alongside natural gas power plants in Texas worth approximately $22 billion. The nuclear deployment strategy leverages Westinghouse’s AP1000 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) technology alongside ongoing negotiations to incorporate KEPCO’s APR1400 reactor technology from South Korea.

💠The Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), as Thailand’s national regulatory authority for nuclear and radiation safety, presents this strategic analysis to clarify the economic and engineering dimensions for the public and formulate executive policy directives to support the refinement of Thailand’s draft Power Development Plan (PDP 2026).
Decoding the South Korea–U.S. Strategy: Merging Capital and Technology with AI Power Demands This historic transpacific investment decision reflects a deep economic and nuclear strategy across three key dimensions:

* Powering the AI Revolution: Next-generation AI Data Centers demand gigawatt-scale electrical power. Intermittent renewable energy sources (Solar/Wind) cannot provide 24/7 continuous electricity without costly energy storage systems. Nuclear power plants and natural gas facilities represent the primary viable solutions to ensure current energy security needs.
* Overcoming Cost & Supply Chain Bottlenecks: Although nuclear energy offers long-term clean energy cost-efficiencies, upfront capital expenditure for 8 large-scale reactors—reaching $120 billion (averaging $15 billion per unit)—presents high financial risk due to extended construction timelines. South Korea, possessing one of the world’s most proficient nuclear construction supply chains with proven budget and schedule control (demonstrated by the Barakah project in the UAE), supplies both equity capital and engineering capabilities to the U.S. market.
* Strategic Interdependence & Human Capital Development: This partnership demonstrates that participating in the nuclear sector extends beyond purchasing power plants; it centers on building domestic nuclear industries (Localization) and exporting skilled personnel, engineers, and technology to generate high-value economic returns internationally.

💠Comparative Analysis and Application to Thailand’s PDP 2026 Context
Thailand is currently in the final stages of public hearings and drafting the national Power Development Plan (PDP 2026), influenced by the influx of multinational AI Data Center investments in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) and Bangkok. Multiplied electricity demands coupled with Carbon Neutrality 2050 goals present key structural insights for Thailand:
* Reframing Nuclear Energy from an “Energy Option” to “Economic Infrastructure”: Evaluating nuclear reactors—specifically Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technologies—should not be viewed solely as power generation competing against alternative fuels. Instead, it must be positioned as critical national infrastructure to attract high-tech Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) requiring zero-carbon baseload power.
* Managing Financial Risk via SMR Technologies: If large-scale nuclear reactors (>1,000 MW per unit) such as the AP1000 or APR1400 present capital requirements exceeding Thailand’s immediate financing structures, SMR technology (ranging from 50–300 MW per module) offers a viable alternative. SMRs lower upfront capital per project, feature modular construction, and incorporate advanced Passive Safety Systems.

💠Policy Recommendations for Thailand by the Office of Atoms for Peace
To ensure Thailand is equipped to support digital economy expansion and maintain long-term energy security, the Office of Atoms for Peace submits four strategic policy directives for Cabinet consideration:

1. SMR Regulatory Framework Readiness Strategy
* Directives: The OAP has updated the Nuclear Energy for Peace Act and established a Vendor Design Review (VDR) pre-licensing framework for SMR technologies. Grounded in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) safety standards, this framework ensures transparent, rigorous, and efficient safety evaluations prior to physical project execution.

2. Clean Energy Zones for AI Data Centers Strategy
* Directives: The Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industry, and the EEC Office, in coordination with the OAP, are accelerating feasibility studies to establish Clean Energy Industrial Parks. These dedicated zones will integrate SMR technology alongside renewable energy to provide direct, low-carbon 24/7 power supplies to AI Data Centers and high-value manufacturing sectors.

3. Nuclear Workforce & Supply Chain Localization Strategy
* Directives: The OAP collaborates with the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI) and the Board of Investment (BOI) to implement nuclear engineering and medical physics workforce development plans with Thai university networks. This includes introducing technology transfer incentives to assist domestic mechanical, sensor, and materials industries in joining global nuclear supply chains.

4. Early Public Engagement & Energy Literacy Strategy
* Directives: The Ministry of Energy and the OAP are shifting from traditional information dissemination to proactive risk communication. This involves delivering factual data regarding modern SMR safety standards, economic and environmental impacts, and transparent radioactive waste management plans to build public trust throughout the PDP implementation process.

💠Conclusion
The $100 billion South Korea–U.S. nuclear investment agreement highlights a clear imperative: “In the AI era, nations equipped with secure, low-carbon baseload power will maintain competitive advantages in the global economy.” Establishing regulatory frameworks, policy readiness, and safety oversight early ensures Thailand is positioned as a secure digital economy and clean energy hub in ASEAN.

Article and policy recommendations by:
Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati
Secretary-General, Office of Atoms for Peace
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand

References & Empirical Evidence
* Reason / The Wall Street Journal. (2026, September 11). South Korea Will Invest $100 Billion in U.S. Nuclear Sector To Boost AI and Appease Trump.
* International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2025–2026). Nuclear Power for Sustainable Development and Energy Security in the AI Era: PRIS Data and High-Density Baseload Analysis.
* U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) & Westinghouse Electric Company. (2025–2026). Design Certification and Deployment Economics for AP1000 and Advanced SMR Reactors.
* Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), Thailand. (2026). National Regulatory Infrastructure and Safety Roadmap for Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Integration under PDP 2026.

This article was published on Website and Facebook : Office of Atoms for Peace
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]]> 94023 Keeping Pace with the Global Energy Landscape 2026: OAP Emphasizes “Safety First,” Opening the Window of SMR Opportunities for National Security, Financing Strategies, and Golden Prospects for 15 Thai Industries https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/03/keeping-pace-with-the-global-energy-landscape-2026-oap-emphasizes-safety-first/ Tue, 03 Nov 2026 05:21:56 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94021 To the Citizens, Industry Stakeholders, and National Policymakers,
As electricity demand in the ASEAN region and Thailand grows exponentially, coupled with the volatility of imported fuel prices, Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology has emerged as a strategic alternative to enhance energy security and reduce national greenhouse gas emissions. However, this transition requires more than just purchasing technology; it is a national challenge that necessitates the comprehensive integration of legal frameworks, safety standards, financial structuring, and supply chain management.

The Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), under the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), as the national regulatory authority for nuclear and radiation safety, reaffirms the core principle of “Safety First.” We present an overview of engineering advancements, global lessons learned, and financing strategies to pave the way for Thailand’s transition into the clean energy era with stability and verifiable transparency.

1. The Global Stage in Thailand: Driving SMRs in ASEAN and Financing Strategies (FOAK to NOAK)

Pushing SMR deployment forward involves significant challenges in cost and financing, particularly during the transition from the First-of-a-Kind (FOAK) unit—which carries high risks and foundational infrastructure costs—to Nth-of-a-Kind (NOAK) units, where economies of scale are realized. This critical issue was a primary agenda item at the IAEA–United States Regional Workshop held in Bangkok (November 2–6, 2026).

During this forum, the OAP reiterated its readiness regarding strict regulatory frameworks. Simultaneously, top Thai executives, including Mr. Wattanapong Kurovat (Director General of the Energy Policy and Planning Office – EPPO), Mr. Siriwat Jetsri (Deputy Governor of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand – EGAT), and Dr. Rosaya Teinwan (Executive of PTT Public Company Limited), shared their visions on SMR opportunities in ASEAN. The workshop delved into funding models and risk-sharing mechanisms in collaboration with global financial institutions such as U.S. EXIM, the World Bank, ADB, and BNP Paribas, reflecting that constructing a nuclear power plant requires close coordination between the government, the private sector, and investors.

2. The Reality of “Costs” and “Project Management”

Data from international projects underscores the reality of financial challenges. The Darlington project in Canada (four BWRX-300 units) revealed a total estimated project budget of up to 506 billion THB equivalent. Notably, the FOAK unit accounts for a staggering 186 billion THB, as it must bear the costs of common infrastructure, contingency funds, and capitalized interest totaling over 62 billion THB. Costs will only decrease when subsequent NOAK units are constructed on the same site.

Furthermore, Project Management is a make-or-break factor. The Dukovany project in the Czech Republic serves as a prime case study, where South Korea’s KHNP had to terminate contract negotiations with its contractor consortium after more than 15 months of discussions. The failure stemmed from an inability to agree on cost overrun risk allocation (Fixed-price vs. Design Changes). Thus, a project’s success heavily relies on the owner’s capability to manage risks and the supply chain effectively.

3. Global Resurgence and Industrial Decarbonization
Energy security imperatives have prompted Switzerland to prepare a referendum in early 2027 to lift the ban on constructing new nuclear power plants. Meanwhile, modern SMR development has expanded its scope far beyond merely feeding electricity into the grid:

* Heavy Industry and Refineries: Research from the Argonne National Laboratory indicates that utilizing heat and hydrogen from nuclear energy in oil refineries offers a more cost-effective decarbonization pathway than relying on fossil fuels combined with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

* Nuclear Petrochemicals: The U.S. NRC has issued a Final Safety Evaluation (FSE) for X-energy’s project, which plans to deploy Xe-100 (HTGR) reactors at the Dow Chemical plant in Texas to directly supply high-temperature heat and electricity for chemical manufacturing processes.

* Floating Nuclear Power Plants (FNPP): Russia (Rosatom) has secured an agreement to supply electricity via a floating power unit (RITM-200M) to an island region in Indonesia and is in advanced talks with four African countries, offering solutions for regions lacking land-based infrastructure.

4. The Technology Behind the Scenes and Transparent Regulatory Standards
A power plant’s reliability begins at the microscopic level with the Nuclear Fuel Pellet. Producing fuel for advanced SMRs (such as HALEU) relies on Gas Centrifuge technology, which the U.S. (Centrus Energy) is urgently expanding. Once constructed, operations must undergo rigorous Commissioning stages. For instance, the Rooppur project in Bangladesh must incrementally test heat generation and steam turbines before actual grid connection.

Above all, safety assessment standards remain paramount. The Clinch River case in the U.S. demonstrates a rigorous, step-by-step regulatory approach. The U.S. NRC approved an Early Site Permit (ESP) and reviewed engineering designs prior to issuing the Safety Evaluation Report (SER) and subsequent Construction Permit. The SER stands as the technical evidence that proves transparency and builds public trust.

5. Golden Opportunities for 15 Thai Industries: A Preparedness Model

Thailand can learn from Singapore, which partnered with VTT Finland five years in advance to develop 100 nuclear safety research experts. If Thailand proactively prepares its engineering capabilities and safety standards, it will unlock opportunities for 15 Thai industrial sectors (e.g., construction materials, machinery, electrical equipment, logistics, water management, AI/Data Centers, and cybersecurity) to elevate their standards to Nuclear-Grade and bid for projects within the global supply chain.

✅️4 Strategic Policy Recommendations for Thailand’s Energy Future
To propel the nation towards energy security safely and cost-effectively, the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), MHESI, proposes four strategic directives;

1. Step-by-Step Licensing Framework: The OAP will elevate the licensing review process by applying the Safety Evaluation Report (SER) approach and Early Site Permit (ESP) evaluations to transparently verify engineering, seismic, and environmental parameters. This will serve as a mandatory legal prerequisite before actual construction begins.

2. FOAK to NOAK Financing and Joint Risk Assessment: The government should strategically allocate zones to accommodate SMR fleet deployment to reduce infrastructure expenditures for subsequent units (NOAK). Furthermore, it should collaborate with international financial institutions (aligning with the IAEA-US workshop frameworks) to design mechanisms that share risks regarding capital costs, interest, and engineering design changes among the state, technology developers, and investors.

3. Industrial Cogeneration Integration: Assign EPPO, EGAT, PTT, and relevant agencies to assess the feasibility of deploying SMRs (e.g., HTGRs) or Floating Nuclear Power Plants within the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). This aims to supply both stable electricity and “high-temperature industrial steam” directly to petrochemical and refinery clusters, tangibly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

4. Capacity Building & Supply Chain Integration: Support the establishment of MoUs between the OAP, academic institutions, and world-class organizations (such as VTT or the U.S. NRC) to cultivate safety engineering experts. This must run in tandem with upgrading the standards of 15 targeted Thai industries, ensuring they are primed to adopt the technology and seize business opportunities in nuclear power plant construction and maintenance.

The Office of Atoms for Peace, MHESI, reiterates its firm stance that “Safety is the foundation of all success.” We stand ready to serve as the main pillar in protecting the public and the environment with absolute transparency, supporting Thailand’s clean energy development to advance sustainably.

Article and Strategic Policy Recommendations by:
Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati
Secretary-General, Office of Atoms for Peace, MHESI

References & Empirical Evidence
* Thansettakij. (2024). OAP Emphasizes ‘Safety First’, Paving the Way for Thailand’s Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). (Accessed from: thansettakij.com/economy/energy/672800)
* Thansettakij. (2024). IAEA-US Workshop on SMR Financing: Who Will Invest, and Who Will Bear the Risk? (Accessed from: thansettakij.com/economy/energy/672722)
* Ontario Power Generation (OPG). (2026). Darlington New Nuclear Program – Costs and In-Service Amounts, Exhibit D2, Tab 4, Schedule 8.
* U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). (2019-2026). Final Safety Evaluation Report for Clinch River Early Site Permit & Construction Permit Application.
* Bafana, A., et al. (2026). Comparative techno-economic and environmental analysis of using nuclear energy and fossil energy with carbon sequestration in U.S. Gulf Coast petroleum refineries. Applied Energy, 420.
* VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. (2026). VTT and Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Institute deepen cooperation in nuclear research and safety.
* Yonhap News / The Korea Times. (2026). KHNP ends talks with consortium on Czech nuclear plant (Dukovany) construction contract.
* U.S. NRC. (2026). Final Safety Evaluation for Long Mott Energy, LLC (X-energy Xe-100).
* World Nuclear News. (2026). Centrus ships first centrifuge for Piketon plant expansion.
* Egypt Oil & Gas / Rosatom. (2026). Rosatom in Advanced Talks to Supply Floating Nuclear Plants to Indonesia and Four African Countries.

This article was published on Website and Facebook : Office of Atoms for Peace
https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1FZJyhhHpu/ 

]]> 94021 From Port of Victoria to Thailand’s Hybrid Energy Strategy: Extracting Lessons from “Gas-to-Nuclear (Blue Bridge)” and Policy Recommendations for AI Data Centers by the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/02/from-port-of-victoria-to-thailands-hybrid-energy-strategy/ Mon, 02 Nov 2026 05:19:06 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94019 In an era of exponential growth in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing centers (AI Data Centers), the demand for continuous, 24/7, low-carbon clean energy has become a critical national imperative for attracting investment to Thailand and the ASEAN region.

A major milestone occurred in Port of Victoria, Texas, USA, where Blue Energy, in collaboration with GE Vernova and GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GVH), introduced a strategic innovation termed “Gas-to-Nuclear” or the “Blue Bridge” concept. This model integrates a natural gas power plant with planned deployment of up to 2.5 GW from BWRX-300 Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to power Crusoe’s AI data centers.

The Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), as Thailand’s national authority for nuclear and radiation safety regulation, presents an in-depth analysis of these advancements to evaluate opportunities, adapt them as an energy transition framework for Thailand, and formulate policy proposals to safeguard national energy security.

Decoding the “Blue Bridge” Strategy: Phased Transition from Natural Gas to Nuclear

The core of the Gas-to-Nuclear (Blue Bridge) model lies in mitigating risks associated with regulatory approval timelines and nuclear construction delays by dividing development into two distinct phases:

* Phase 1 (Immediate Natural Gas Power Delivery): Deploy high-efficiency GE Vernova 7HA.02 gas turbines to supply immediate electrical power for AI Data Center requirements in the initial stage, while co-designing the site infrastructure and Balance of Plant (BOP) systems to seamlessly interface with future nuclear modules.

* Phase 2 (Low-Carbon SMR Integration): Submit construction permit applications to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for the installation of BWRX-300 boiling water SMRs (~300 MWe per module, up to 5 modules) to progressively assume baseload generation and replace fossil fuel dependence over the long term.

This approach enables non-nuclear construction to proceed without delay while nuclear components undergo rigorous safety reviews and licensing evaluations with regulatory authorities.

Gap Analysis & Implementation Considerations for Thailand

For Thailand, which is actively positioning itself as a regional Data Center hub and relies heavily on natural gas infrastructure in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), the Gas-Nuclear Hybrid model delivers vital strategic insights:

1. Grid & Infrastructure Optimization
Constructing standalone nuclear power plants requires extensive land acquisition and new transmission grid development. A hybrid approach built on existing natural gas facilities leverages established transmission lines, cooling water sources, and engineering infrastructure, significantly reducing capital expenditure and land development complexity.

2. Coupled Safety Regulatory Standards
Co-locating SMRs with natural gas power plants or industrial parks requires regulatory oversight tailored beyond conventional standalone facilities. The OAP emphasizes the necessity of assessing interlinked hazards, such as fire or explosion risks from gas infrastructure impacting SMR operations, which mandates robust isolation mechanisms and physical distance buffers under international standards.

3. De-risking Investment and Final Investment Decisions (FID)
The phased deployment model allows developers to generate early revenue streams from natural gas power generation. This cash flow supports working capital during the SMR licensing and construction phases, providing greater financial stability for Final Investment Decisions (FID).

Executive Policy Recommendations for Thailand by the Office of Atoms for Peace

To adapt this international innovation model to support high-tech industries and drive Thailand toward its Carbon Neutrality targets, the Office of Atoms for Peace presents four strategic policy directives to the Cabinet:

1. National Gas-SMR Hybrid Energy Zones Strategy
* Proposal: The government—through the Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industry, and the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) Office—should study the Gas-to-Nuclear framework for inclusion in the National Power Development Plan (PDP). Existing natural gas power plant sites equipped with suitable grid connections and water resources should be designated as pilot zones for SMR integration to supply clean baseload power to AI Data Centers and high-value industrial clusters.

2. Hybrid Nuclear Safety Regulatory Framework Strategy
* Proposal: Direct the OAP to update regulatory frameworks and formulate safety licensing guidelines for SMRs deployed within hybrid industrial zones. Aligned with U.S. NRC and IAEA standards, these guidelines will ensure thorough safety evaluations of co-located systems to maintain public safety and investor confidence.

3. Full Lifecycle & Waste Management Assessment Strategy
* Proposal: Direct the OAP, in coordination with the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT), to establish comprehensive Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) models and formulate national strategic roadmaps for nuclear fuel supply security and spent fuel/radioactive waste management to guarantee long-term environmental sustainability.

4. SMR Modular Assembly & Localization Strategy
* Proposal: Recommend that the Board of Investment (BOI) introduce tax and non-tax incentives to attract advanced prefabrication and modular assembly technologies for SMRs to Thailand. This initiative will assist domestic steel, precision engineering, and sensor industries in entering the global nuclear supply chain.

Conclusion

The case study of Blue Energy and GE Vernova Hitachi demonstrates that deploying SMRs in the modern era does not require starting from scratch; rather, integrating SMRs with existing energy infrastructure provides a rapid, safe, and reliable path to powering the digital economy. The Office of Atoms for Peace remains fully committed to its mandate as a trusted safety regulator, establishing modern regulatory foundations to ensure clean energy innovations drive Thailand’s economic growth and public welfare safely and sustainably.

Article and Policy Recommendations by:
Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati
Secretary-General, Office of Atoms for Peace
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand

References & Empirical Evidence
* U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). (2026). Regulatory Docket and Initial Construction Permit Application Review for Blue Energy Small Modular Reactor Project at Port of Victoria.
* GE Vernova & GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GVH). (2026). BWRX-300 Small Modular Reactor and 7HA.02 Gas Turbine Integration Technical Roadmap for Industrial Decarbonization.
* International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2025–2026). Nuclear-Renewable and Gas-Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems: Technical, Safety, and Regulatory Considerations for Grid Stability.
* Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP). (2026). Strategic Policy Framework for Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Integration in Industrial and High-Tech Sectors in Thailand.

This article was published on Website and Facebook : Office of Atoms for Peace https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1SkmFQsD8k/

]]> 94019 Decoding Poland’s Model “From Coal Basins to a Clean Nuclear Powerhouse”: The Coal-to-Nuclear Transition Strategy Towards Policy Directives and Safety Oversight for Thailand by the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/01/decoding-polands-model-from-coal-basins-to-a-clean-nuclear-powerhouse/ Sun, 01 Nov 2026 05:16:37 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94017 The Republic of Poland stands as one of Europe’s major industrial nations with a prolonged reliance on coal-fired power generation. In the 1990s, coal accounted for over 95% of Poland’s gross electricity production. Faced with decarbonization mandates and regional energy security pressures in Eastern Europe, Poland accelerated its energy restructuring, successfully driving coal’s share down to approximately 52% while rapidly deploying wind power (14%) and solar photovoltaics (12%).

However, Poland confronts a critical structural bottleneck shared by many nations worldwide: renewable energy remains weather-dependent (intermittent) and cannot provide firm, 24/7 baseload electricity on its own. Consequently, Poland initiated a strategic national initiative: the Coal-to-Nuclear Transition, aiming to deploy 6,000 to 9,000 MWe of commercial nuclear capacity.

As Thailand’s national regulatory authority for nuclear and radiation safety under the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) presents this strategic analysis of Poland’s engineering deployment and policy architecture to demonstrate regulatory readiness and inform public understanding under Thailand’s draft Power Development Plan (PDP 2026).

1. Decoding the Polish Blueprint
Poland positions nuclear energy not merely as isolated generating stations, but as an economic transformation engine driven by two strategic programs:
* First Nuclear Power Plant on the Baltic Coast (Lubiatowo-Kopalino): Poland selected the Westinghouse AP1000 advanced pressurized water reactor (three units totaling approximately 3,750 MWe). The project targets first nuclear concrete pouring in 2028, commercial operation of Unit 1 in 2036, and full three-unit commercial operation by 2038.
* Coal Repurposing at Bełchatów & Konin: For its subsequent nuclear program, the Polish government is evaluating legacy lignite mining and power station complexes—such as Bełchatów (Europe’s largest coal-fired station) and Konin. Repurposing these sites leverages existing transmission switchyards, cooling water corridors, heavy-transport logistics, and skilled technical workforces for advanced reactors and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). This strategy curbs capital infrastructure expenditures while preventing regional economic dislocation.

2. Comparative Analysis for Thailand (PDP 2026 Context)
Thailand’s power generation landscape under draft PDP 2026—targeting Carbon Neutrality by 2050 and Net Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2065—shares key characteristics with Poland’s transition:
* Phased Fossil Fuel Retirements: Thailand faces the eventual retirement of aging coal-fired and combined-cycle gas turbine units. Relying solely on intermittent renewables creates grid stability and inertia risks; introducing firm nuclear baseload through SMRs provides long-term tariff stability and firm emission reductions.
* Brownfield Siting Advantages: Siting lessons from Bełchatów indicate that Thailand can systematically evaluate retiring thermal plant sites with pre-existing transmission interconnections and cooling infrastructure for SMR compatibility, lowering environmental impacts and minimizing greenfield land acquisition.
* Domestic Supply Chain Localization: Poland mandates that foreign reactor vendors transfer technology and source 40–50% of content locally. Thailand can similarly establish domestic procurement targets to integrate domestic steel, civil construction, instrumentation, and advanced mechanical suppliers into global nuclear supply chains.

3. Regulatory Preparedness of the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)
To ensure public safety and confidence, the OAP maintains multi-tiered regulatory readiness across all technical dimensions:
* Comprehensive Legal and Statutory Codes: The OAP executes regulatory oversight under the Nuclear Energy for Peace Act B.E. 2559 (2016) and its 2019 amendments. Ministerial regulations align directly with IAEA Safety Standards Series across siting, construction, commissioning, and operations.
* IAEA Cooperation and Infrastructure Benchmarks: The OAP coordinates with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) across the 19 infrastructure issues of the IAEA Milestones Approach, preparing for upcoming Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) missions to verify regulatory independence and transparency.
* Real-Time National Radiological Monitoring: The OAP operates the National Radiation Emergency Response Center, supported by continuous automated environmental radiation monitoring networks that measure ambient gamma levels in air and water across Thailand 24/7.

4. Strategic Policy Directives for Thailand by the Office of Atoms for Peace
To support an orderly, safe clean energy transition, the Office of Atoms for Peace submits four strategic policy recommendations for Cabinet consideration:
1. Commission a National Coal-to-Nuclear & Brownfield SMR Repurposing Feasibility Study
* The OAP will partner with the Ministry of Energy and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) to assess candidate retiring fossil sites against IAEA SSR-1 safety and geological criteria, evaluating site suitability to optimize capital expenditure on transmission and cooling systems.
2. Formulate an Advanced Vendor Design Review (VDR) Pre-Licensing Framework
* The OAP is establishing secondary technical criteria to conduct pre-licensing Vendor Design Reviews for SMRs and Generation III+ designs in collaboration with international peer regulators (such as the U.S. NRC and Poland’s PAA), establishing early safety compliance prior to commercial tendering.
3. Establish a National Nuclear Industrial Localization Roadmap
* The OAP coordinates with the Board of Investment (BOI) and the Federation of Thai Industries (FTI) to design tax incentives and support quality assurance certifications (e.g., ASME N-Stamp and ISO nuclear QA) for Thai manufacturers of structural steel, advanced pumps, valves, and control systems.
4. Build Public Safety Literacy and Institutionalize Community Deliberation
* The OAP will partner with local universities and regional administrative organizations near candidate sites to operate transparent nuclear science communication centers, presenting empirical facts on passive safety systems, spent fuel stewardship, and emergency preparedness to ensure informed civic participation.

Conclusion
Poland’s energy transition underscores that “a sustainable departure from coal cannot rely on a single energy source; it requires an integrated balance between renewable assets and firm nuclear baseload.”
The Office of Atoms for Peace reaffirms its commitment to serving as Thailand’s independent safety regulator. Applying statutory authority alongside international engineering standards, the OAP will ensure that any deployment of nuclear technology under PDP 2026 proceeds under uncompromising safety, transparency, and public trust.

Article and Policy Recommendations by:
Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati
Secretary-General, Office of Atoms for Peace
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand

With technical acknowledgment to the Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); the National Atomic Energy Agency of Poland (PAA); and the World Nuclear Association (WNA).

References & Empirical Evidence
* World Nuclear Association (WNA). (2026, October 23). Nuclear Power in Poland: National Energy Policy, Technology Selections, and Siting Updates. WNA Country Profiles, London.
* International Energy Agency (IEA). (2026). Electricity 2026: Analysis and Forecast to 2029 (Coal Phase-Out and Nuclear Expansion in Central and Eastern Europe). IEA Publications, Paris.
* Government of Poland, Ministry of Climate and Environment. (2025–2026). Polish Nuclear Power Programme (PNPP): Strategic Environmental and Socio-Economic Infrastructure Roadmap. Warsaw, Poland.
* Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP). (2026). National Nuclear Safety Regulatory Roadmap, Site Evaluation Standards (SSR-1), and Public Safety Assurance Framework under Thailand’s PDP 2026. Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand.

This article was published on the official Facebook page of the Office of Atoms for Peace – OAP Thailand
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]]> 94017 Edible Insects and Alternative Foods of the Future: Elevating Safety with Nuclear Technology and Policy Recommendations by the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) https://www.oap.go.th/en/2026/11/01/edible-insects-and-alternative-foods-of-the-future-elevating-safety-with-nuclear-technology/ Sun, 01 Nov 2026 05:14:05 +0000 https://www.oap.go.th/?p=94015 As global food systems evolve, various communities are exploring sustainable and nutritious food sources. “Edible insects” and “novel foods” are gaining exponential interest as alternative protein sources for both humans and animals.

Currently, there are over 2,000 known species of edible insects worldwide, and around 2 billion people (roughly 30% of the global population) regularly consume insects as part of their food culture in at least 113 countries across Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. However, the appeal of this industry is expanding far beyond traditional markets. It is projected that the demand for insect protein for animal feed will soar from 10,000 metric tons to 500,000 metric tons by 2030, as insects can efficiently convert feed into protein with a relatively low environmental footprint.

In new markets, such as the European Union (EU), insects are classified under “novel foods,” which covers foods not widely consumed before 1997. For edible insects and these novel foods to penetrate international markets, research to ensure safety and build consumer trust is of the utmost importance.

Safety Challenges and the Role of Nuclear Technology
From a safety regulatory perspective, insects and alternative foods offer high nutritional benefits but come with challenges that require strict control:
• Biological hazards: Because insects are high in protein and moisture, improper production, processing, and storage can turn them into breeding grounds for pathogenic microorganisms.
• Chemical hazards: Insects can absorb natural toxins and agricultural chemicals from their surrounding environment, which can then be passed through the food chain.
• The complexity of other novel foods: Foods with modified molecular structures, cell or tissue culture-derived foods, and foods extracted from microorganisms, fungi, or algae all pose similar safety risks.

A major challenge facing all countries is the “lack of standardized and harmonized testing methods,” making it difficult to compare results, track trends, and issue effective regulatory measures. To address this issue, the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture has initiated a 5-year Coordinated Research Project (CRP) to investigate the safety of edible insects and novel foods by utilizing nuclear technology and related techniques to analyze chemical, biological, and physical hazards with high precision.

The main goals of this global research project include:
• Investigating known and unknown hazards in edible insects (both wild and farmed) to build a comprehensive database.
• Identifying hazards in other novel foods and analyzing their specific characteristics.
• Studying chemical and biological risks arising from production and processing practices.
• Developing, optimizing, and validating nuclear, isotopic, and other complementary techniques for hazard detection.

Policy Recommendations for the Development of Thailand’s Food Industry by the OAP
Thailand is recognized as a leader in the farming and export of edible insects (e.g., crickets). This IAEA initiative thus presents a crucial opportunity for Thailand to prepare. The Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) proposes the following policy directions to the government and relevant agencies:
• Integrating nuclear technology to elevate Thai insect farm standards: OAP should strengthen cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to apply knowledge and isotopic techniques from the IAEA for traceability and detecting agricultural chemical residues in the edible insect production chain, establishing a safety certification mark backed by nuclear science.
• Harmonization of Standards for novel food testing: The government should establish a joint working group to develop hazard testing methods for novel foods and edible insects in line with the standards jointly researched by FAO/IAEA. This will help break down trade barriers, especially in the European (EU) market, which has strict novel food import regulations.
• Investing in food irradiation technology infrastructure: The state should support the capacity expansion of irradiation centers to control pathogenic microorganisms and extend the shelf life of insect products and alternative foods. This is an internationally recognized processing method that is safe and preserves nutritional value.
• Supporting innovative food safety research grants: Provide funding for Thai researchers to participate in the IAEA’s CRP to study specific risk characteristics in local food production processes, building a comprehensive safety database ranging from farmed insects to lab-grown meat.

Integrating advanced nuclear technology with food safety regulation will be the key to transforming Thailand from merely a “production hub” into a sustainable and globally recognized “leader in future food safety standards.”

Written by: Dr. Rungrueng Kitphati, Secretary-General, Office of Atoms for Peace, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI)

Special thanks for information from: James Sasanya and Christina Vlachou, IAEA Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

This article was published on the official Facebook page of the Office of Atoms for Peace – OAP Thailand https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1DwuK9bCkq/?mibextid=wwXIfr 

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